hearts of space | news

PGM 950R 'RECUERDOS' : aug.25 - sept.1

The sublime nostalgia of Recuerdos de la Alhambra —"Memories of the Alhambra" — a classic tremolo study for Spanish guitar by FRANCISCO TARREGA. It recalls a golden age in the Andalusian city of Granada in the 13th and 14th century, during a perhaps more enlightened period in human history.

It was an era of some 800 years, from the 8th to the 15th century, when the Moors of North Africa ruled "Al-Andalus" (as Spain was called) and religious and political co-existence was the order of the day. Art, music, architecture and poetry flourished, and Muslim, Jewish and Christian cultures co-existed in harmony. It stands today as a shining reminder that we can, in fact, get along.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, music inspired by this great Spanish/Moorish/Mediterranean tradition, on a program called RECUERDOS.

Music is by MILOS KARADAGLIC, ARMIK, AMINA ALAOUI, and THE AL-ANDALUS ENSEMBLE.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1017R 'SOLAR WINDS' : aug.18-25

An encore program to celebrate the solar eclipse of August 21st, 2017.

In summer, the energy of the sun seems more intense. But the sun is a nuclear furnace that never stops, and the sun's corona is so hot that high energy particles there reach escape velocity, flying into space at over a million miles an hour in a stream called the solar wind. 

Made of ionized atomic particles and magnetic fields from the sun's corona, the solar wind is spun into a spiral as the sun rotates every 27 days. Here on earth, variations in the sun's magnetic field carried by the solar wind create auroras — the northern and southern lights — the plasma tails of comets, and geomagnetic storms that can knock out power grids. 

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, another interstellar journey on electronic waves, on a program called SOLAR WINDS.Music is by JOHN LYELL, BROEKHUIS, KELLER & SCHONWALDER, MEG BOWLES, CHRONOTOPE PROJECT, CRAIG PADILLA & ZERO OHMS, HOLLAN HOLMES, and NIMANTY & SOULRSOUL.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ] 

PGM 1050R 'MIDSUMMER NIGHT 3' : july 21-28

The long days and short nights of midsummer are a special time. We retreat from our intense work schedules and attend festivals and celebrations, some crowded and intense, others quiet and restorative. We travel, take vacations, entertain friends and relax on warm summer evenings. As the night deepens, activity fades, and the lulling sounds of nature and warm breezes create a seductive environment, inspiring ambient composers to create poetic images of a soft, nurturing night.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, an hour of ambient music for the season, on a program called MIDSUMMER NIGHT 3.

Music is by ASCENDANT, DEEPER NET, ISHQ, ALTUS, S7VEN, CLAUDIO CASANUEVA, and RUDY ADRIAN.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1048R 'CLOUD NINE' : june 30-july 7

Summer...inspires an even more ethereal brand of Ambient electronica. Whether flying or floating on the balmy breezes, the sounds are airy and the movement is light and buoyant. The words we use to describe the moods it creates are superlative: joyous, blissful, ecstatic, delightful — even heavenly. And when it comes to heaven—for some reason we prefer the 7th.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, an ambient-electronic-summer-journey called CLOUD NINE.  Yes, we also number the clouds.

Music is by CHRONOTOPE PROJECT, FANGER & SCHONWALDER, JOHN LYELL, ARIEL KALMA, and DAVE LUXTON.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 769R 'BALEARICA' : june 2-9

The Balearic Islands — Mallorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera — occupy prime real estate in the Mediterranean Sea, just off the eastern coast of Spain. In ancient times, it was a tough neighborhood. The islands were invaded successively by the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, and finally...the Aragons.

These days things are lively, but a lot quieter — they're all popular tourist destinations, home to a tapestry of musical cultures that matches their multi-cultural past, and an up-to-date vibe that runs from acoustic to electronic, sensual to chilled.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, a journey into the Mediterranean soundscape new and old called BALEARICA.

Music is by CANTOMA, BLISS, B-TRIBE, ANOUAR BRAHEM, SAVINA YANNATOU + PRIMAVERA EN SALONICO, DINO SALUZZI, SACRED SPIRIT, and ZEUS FABER.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ] 

PGM 1044R 'ETHNOTRONIC' : may 5-12

THE TRIBAL MUSIC TRADITIONS of Asia, Africa and the Americas stretch back to the mists of pre-history. For perhaps a hundred centuries, music was made with simple, even primitive instruments: flutes, rattles, drums and percussion; lyres, harps and strings; and wind instruments of various sizes and tones. It was an all-acoustic world, where music and instruments evolved slowly.

Then in the late 19th and 20th centuries, electricity and electronics began to transform the world and transform music. First came the telegraph and the telephone, then radio, then recordings, and then the instruments themselves. Guitars and pianos became electric...and then electronic. And finally, purely electronic instruments of dazzling variety and unlimited potential to create new sounds.

After the electronic music revolution of the 1960s and 70s, the entire studio became a musical instrument, and the sound of recordings has never been quite the same. Today, ethnic instruments and genres can be set in new Ambient soundscapes, a fusion of the old world and the new.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, ethnic instruments join electronic ambient, on a program called "ETHNOTRONIC."  Music is by TUU, GREEN ISAC, SACRED EARTH, CHINMAYA DUNSTER, MANEESH DE MOOR, ARCHETRIBE, LOREN NERELL & MARK SEELIG, STILLPOINT and MICHEL BANABILA..

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 908R 'CLOUD OF PROMISE' : apr. 7-14

 

The sound of a verdant landscape on a bright spring day. It reminds us of the natural environment that's nurtured us since the beginning of life on earth.

Looking out, our eyes come to rest on the horizon, the distant sky and delicate clouds. These are worlds that composers of environmental ambient music bring to us, melding sounds of the natural world into their music, and creating atmospheric soundscapes for us to travel in.

In the last 50 years, we've begun to recognize our responsibility to the environment — for ourselves and for generations to come. Forest, mountain, jungle, grassland, desert, tundra, ocean:  whatever your favorite, environmental music sends a message beyond ideology or politics — to cherish our relationship to the natural world and expand our hope for the future.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, a terrestrial-ambient-future journey called CLOUD OF PROMISE. Music is by ATOMIC SKUNK, CHAD KETTERING, MICHAEL STEARNS, RESONANT DRIFT, MAX CORBACHO, and DAN POUND.

[ view playlist ]     [ view Flickr image gallery ]     [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1071R 'CELTIC LEGACY 3' : mar.10-17

Another year rolls by, and with it our early spring celebration of St. Patrick's Day and all things Celtic. And when it comes to traditional Celtic music, it seems to be a bit bipolar — half lively, manic jigs and reels; half sad, some might say depressive, ballads. But it's all good, because you'll not find a more beautiful folk music tradition anywhere.

Of course these days the Celtic homelands are all thoroughly modern countries, but the music lives on, ready to be reborn by a new generation of musicians and rediscovered by a new generation of listeners.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, another journey to the slow, heartfelt side of Celtic music, on a program called CELTIC LEGACY 3.

Music is by JEFF JOHNSON, BRIAN DUNNING & WENDY GOODMAN, MOYA BRENNAN, PHIL COULTER, SECRET GARDEN, WILLIAM DOWDALL, AINE MINOGUE, and JOHN DOAN.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 406R 'GRAY LIGHT' : feb.24-mar.3

Winter...blankets the landscape with a leaden, contractive force, relieved by intense contrasts. Defying the cold and dark, the primordial hearth casts a soothing glow. The brilliant sun of day and bright stars of the winter night contrast with the ashen tones of a natural world in hibernation...while in the winter soundscape, somber bass drones and dense atmospheres are relieved by crystalline accents.

On this edition of Hearts of Space, a classic electronic winter journey called GRAY LIGHT. Music is by VANGELIS, MARK DWAYNE, CHRIS SPHEERIS & PAUL VOUDOURIS, KLAUS SCHULZE, KEVIN BRAHENY & TIM CLARK, LIQUID MIND, and BOB CHARLESWORTH.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

 

PGM 1103R 'INTIMACY' : feb.10-17

This week we shine some light into the depths of winter with the celebration of Valentine's Day. The legend of Saint Valentine goes back to an early Christian martyr in 3rd century Rome. We can thank Chaucer for the connection to romantic love in the 14th century, and the Hallmark Corporation for turning it into a yearly holiday with cards and gifts.

The tradition offers a natural connection to quiet musical dialogues that express the sensitive connection between lovers. On this transmission of Hearts of Space, Ambient chamber music and duets for the season, on a program called INTIMACY. Music is by JAMIE SIEBER, BOB KINDLER, RAPHAEL, PETER KATER & TINA GUO, JOSEFINE & TRINA OPSAHL, DAVID DARLING, and MONICA ROBELOTTO.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 863R 'CONSONANCE' : jan. 20-27

The formal, pious, monarchical cultures that produced what we call Medieval and Baroque music seem worlds removed from the chaotic multicultural intensity of our era. Yet, whether coming from cathedral or castle, dedicated to the glory of God or the entertainment of man, whether modal or harmonic, monophonic or polyphonic, homorhythmic or contrapuntal — European music from the Middle Ages to the 18th century still speaks eloquently, and carries a message of faith, civility and grace across the ages.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we revisit some of the masters of this period — GESUALDO, DOWLAND, HANDEL, and BACH — on an Early Music, Baroque and contemporary journey called CONSONANCE.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 933R 'SACRED SONGS of MARY' : dec. 23-30

In the Western Classical tradition, some of the most tender, heartfelt and exalted sacred music has been created in honor of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Veneration of Mary has been a subject of devotion in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions since the 2nd century, while Marian hymns and songs have been part of the Western folk and choral music traditions since medieval times.

This abundance of love has produced a wealth of sacred and devotional music that nourishes us during the winter holidays. Adored the world over, the spirit of Mary floats over Western history like a beneficent cloud, carrying a message of eternal feminine wisdom, patience and compassion.

In 2010, our longtime guest producer for classical and sacred spacemusic ELLEN HOLMES collected her favorites for an album that's the basis for this program called SACRED SONGS OF MARY. On this transmission of Hearts of Space, Marian music from the 12th to the 21st centuries by JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL, CLAUDIO MONTEVERDI, ANTHONY HOLBORNE, JOHN TAVENER, ERIC WHITACRE, MORTEN LAURIDSEN, and more.

SACRED SONGS OF MARY: a holiday celebration...on this transmission of Hearts of Space.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 749R 'TRANSLUCENT MUSIC' : dec. 2-9

After the often painful and turbulent days of November, we seek relief from dark and gloomy emotions. We look forward toward increasing light and hope: from opalescent, to translucent, to luminous — harbingers of the season of light and celebration to come.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we echo that journey through the fragile, pellucid landscape of the psyche, on a program called TRANSLUCENT MUSIC. Selections by LISA GERRARD & JEFF RONA, ELENI KARAINDROU, ARVO PÄRT, VALENTIN SILVESTROV, and KARL JENKINS.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 868R 'INTO THE STORM' : nov. 11-18

In good times, life moves swiftly, with little time for reflection. Warnings of impending disaster may go unheeded — until it's too late. Confusion and chaos rule the day.

In stormy times, the wise remain calm, even when the world around them is in turmoil. Turbulence may destroy structures that lack a firm foundation, but this is necessary to build stronger ones. In nature and society, excess must be corrected. Destruction is also the path to renewal.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, an electro-ambient journey for turbulent times called INTO THE STORM.

Music is by MARCONI UNION, ADHAM SHAIKH & TIM FLOYD, MICHAEL STEARNS, DAN BARRIO, RUBEN GARCIA, IAN BODDY, KIT WATKINS, and PHILIPPE EMMANUEL GUEBLE.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 926R 'THE CROSSING' : oct.14-21

Rolling down the on-ramp to autumn...the world is changing faster now. The last warm days of Indian summer are a brief blaze of glory in a fading world. The light mellows, then burns, as the color palette deepens. Fruit trees make a final effort, drop their seeds, then retire for the winter. Acorns bang on the roof, and the squirrels work overtime to gather the crop. Birds head south, as spent leaves skitter across withered fields. Soon, the rains will come, with life-giving water for the next cycle.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we echo these changes with an ambient-electronic journey for autumn called THE CROSSING. It's a metaphor for the challenge of an epic journey across great distance and uncertain fate, with music of deep drones and complex timbres.

Music is by DAVID HELPLING & JON JENKINS, STEVE ROACH, PHILLIP WILKERSON, and STEVE BRAND.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1089R 'TWILIGHT MESA' : sept.30 - oct.7

Somewhere on the way from ethnic specialty music to the therapeutic edge of popular culture, the Native American flute took on a new mission. Originally used only by a few southwestern tribes like the Anasazi and the Lakota Sioux, the buttery tone and serene energy of these soft cedar instruments opened up a new audience for meditation and stress reduction.

For a few years in the 1980s and 90s, the Native flute found itself within the then-burgeoning new age genre, but as new age faded became a specialty music once again. It's a story that helps separate musicians who are called to the instrument, from those who merely follow popular trends.

In the hands of a master, the cedar flute creates a world of sound that evokes the vast spaces of the American West, opens the heart and summons the spirit. On this transmission of Hearts of Space, another journey in the gentle world of the Native American flute, on a program called TWILIGHT MESA.

Music is by SCOTT AUGUST, DEBORAH MARTIN, GARETH, ANN LICATER, COYOTE OLDMAN, RANDY GRANGER, MICHAEL BRANDT DE MARIA, and PETER KATER & R.CARLOS NAKAI.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1047R 'ANDALUSIA 2' : sept. 9-16

The unmistakable sound of flamenco...or rather, Flamenco Fusion: a mix of traditional Flamenco and electronics from the German/Spanish group B-Tribe.

From its medieval roots in 8th century Al-Andalus after the Muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula, the music of the Spanish region of Andalusia has been a cultural melting pot, joining Moorish influences from North Africa, Sephardic Jewish songs and European music. With the addition of Romani gypsy influences in the 18th and 19th centuries, the music we now call Flamenco. with its fiery rhythms, dark harmonies and passionate emotions, was born. It's a genre with a signature ambience and feeling that's attracted devoted fans all over the world.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we return to Flamenco, on a program called ANDALUSIA 2. Music is by B-TRIBE, JESSE COOK, PRIYO, ARMIK, MURIEL ANDERSON, ADAM HURST, JOSÉ LUIS MONTÓN, ZSOFIA BOROS, and the AL-ANDALUS ENSEMBLE.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1020R 'SUFI SOUL 2' : aug. 26-sept. 2

THERE'S HARDLY ANYTHING MORE CONTROVERSIAL THAN ISLAM these days, but there's one branch of Muslim culture that by philosophy and practice is peaceful and apolitical. Even so, it has been subject to persecution by other sects.

The mystical, inward-facing order of Sufism goes back to the very beginning of the Islamic religion in the 8th century. It has parallels to the venerable traditions of Buddhist and Hindu mysticism, and aims for direct union with God by purifying the heart.

The work of the Persian Sufi poet RUMI has achieved worldwide popularity for its beauty and insight, and a body of Sufi music evolved to accompany religious practices and meditation — the most famous being the whirling dervishes of the Mevlevi order in Turkey. It's a genre that's not only alive today, but producing new strains of contemplative music.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we return to the gentle, passionate world of Sufi-influenced music on a program called SUFI SOUL 2. Music is by MERÇAN DEDE, NIYAZ, HANS CHRISTIAN, YUVAL RON, OMAR FARUK TEKBILEK, MICHEL BANABILA, ELIYAHU SILLS, GARY STROUTSOS, and CHRISTOFFER HYLANDER.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1018R 'SYMPHOTRONIC RHAPSODIES' : aug 19-26

ONCE IN A WHILE something comes along that defies categories, or creates a new one.

That's a good description of the work of the multi-talented San Francisco composer and producer eO, short for ERIC OBERTHALER. On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we're going to bring you a generous helping of his 2011 pocket masterpiece "River Through an Open Door."

eO calls it an "epic odyssey...of the symphotronic, Balkan-spiced, triphop-meets-steampunk, glitchfolk variety." As you'll hear, that's not much of an exaggeration. It's a brilliant gene-slicing of Greek, Mexican, Turkish, Gypsy, Balkan and Klezmer influences, set in a trippy symphonic/electronic/ambient soundscape. We'll put it together with some kindred Downtempo and Ambient, and call this program SYMPHOTRONIC RHAPSODIES. Music is by ERIC OBERTHALER, MIKTEK, NORTHCORE, LUMIN, NELSON FOLTZ & TOM LYNN, and JEFF OSTER.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 626R 'ARCHETRIBE' : aug.5-12

According to musician MATTHEW DAVIDSON, an archetribe is "an inherited pattern of thought derived from past collective experience — and present in the unconscious of people sharing some kind of culture."

When it comes to what we now call "world music," the archetribe is a sense that ethnic, folk, and tribal musics all over the world have a great deal in common. And musicians today also have a common technology for recording and working with sound. These powerful commonalities are breeding a new kind of musical language — global minded, respectful of the past, but oriented toward the future.

On this edition of Hearts of Space we explore that language, on a program called ARCHETRIBE. Music is by MARS LAZAR, ALIAS ZONE, KODO, GREEN ISAC, LAYNE REDMOND & TOMMY BRUNJES, SKIN TO SKIN, RICHARD BONE, ROBERT RICH, and ARCHETRIBE.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 955R 'DESERT SOLITAIRE' : july 15-22

Slowly…quietly…dawn overtakes the darkness of the southwestern desert. For those who inhabit its rugged expanses, it's the beginning of a new day and a new cycle of sun, heat, wind and dust — the daily challenges of existence in one of earth's most extreme environments.

No one has written more eloquently about the desert than naturalist EDWARD ABBEY. 
In his classic book Desert Solitaire, he describes the desert as both a physical environment and a state of mind nurtured by isolation. For Arizona musician STEVE ROACH, the desert is a place of "beauty, stark vastness, magnificent vistas and silence" — a space that "provides a more direct path to the deeper self and the source of one's artistic impulses."

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we explore that isolation and introspection, on a journey called DESERT SOLITAIRE. Music is by STEVE ROACH & BRIAN PARNHAM, A PRODUCE & LOREN NERELL, KLAUSE WIESE, STEVE BRAND, and RESONANT DRIFT.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 879R 'CLOUDSCAPES' : june 24-july 1

SUMMER brings us one of the greatest free shows on earth. In fair weather, rising water vapor freezes into microcrystals of ice, and we see a vast, constantly changing panorama of clouds, floating and flying overhead. When summer storms arrive, the sky grows dark with the drama of thunder and lightning — nature's original multimedia show.

Clouds come in four families: high, middle, low, and vertical — with official Latin names like cirrus, cumulus and stratus. Satellites now give us the big picture of cloud patterns around the planet and how they affect the weather; there are even clouds on other planets, and interstellar clouds in outer space. It's no wonder that ambient musicians find clouds a major inspiration.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, a cirro-stratus-pheric journey for summer called CLOUDSCAPES.

Music is by DIGITONAL, RUBEN GARCIA, FORREST FANG, ROBERT RICH, TERRA AMBIENT, BRUNO SANFILIPPO, and DARSHAN AMBIENT.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 984R 'DESERT CARAVAN' : june 3-10

THE TYPICAL IMAGE OF THE MIDDLE EAST today is a teeming city or an empty desert landscape. Scoring this landscape is a seductive music built on a few simple instruments like the oud, the ney flute, goatskin drums like the doumbec and the darbuka, and the characteristic sinuous vocals.

It's an ecstatic contemplative music, influenced by a host of neighboring cultures:
Greek, Indian, Byzantine, Arabic, Persian, Mesopotamian, Kurdish and North African.

It's built on trance-like rhythms, some no doubt derived from the area's nomadic past, when camel caravans were the main method of travel and commerce. Over the years, the steady rhythm of the journey and elegant curves of the desert worked their way into the soul of the music.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we return to the romantic trans-cultural sound of the Middle East, on a program called DESERT CARAVAN.

Music by MICHEL BANABILA, STELLAMARA, ELIYAHU SILLS, AZAM ALI, STEVE SHEHAN, and MERÇAN DEDE.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 1042R 'TRANCEDANCE' : may 13-20

THE SOFT MELODIC RHYTHMS of the first new musical instrument of the 21st century — the Hang (spelled H-A-N-G) from PanArt of Switzerland. It's played with the hands and derived from the steel pan drum, but has been lovingly refined, allowing the player to create melody, rhythm, harmonics and reverberation at the same time. It's a seductive, hypnotic sound that's inspired an international community of players.

On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we focus on the Hang and the family of steel drums and resonant percussion. We'll ride the quiet grooves to a place where percussion turns contemplative and rhythm turns to pure sound...on a program called TRANCEDANCE.

Music is by JAMES HOOD, LAYNE REDMOND & TOMMY BRUNJES, STEPHAN MICUS, ED MANN, and MATT VENUTI.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]

PGM 802R2 'ARGUABLY POST-AMBIENT' : april 22-29

WELL, SPACEFAN, this time it's a fresh collection of psycho-acoustic experiments from Norway, Switzerland, England, California, Ohio, Vermont, and not least: mighty little Rhode Island.

The textures are mostly electronic, but acoustic sounds still play a big role. In many cases, you really can't say what the sound is...and that's the point. We're living in an inter-national, supra-cultural, technically-enhanced music matrix, and the results are diverse beyond imagination.

Genre names don't last long in this creative environment. A few years ago, we'd have called this show electronica or ambient, but today some of the artists would object if we did. On this transmission of Hearts of Space, we'll look for a congenial harbor amongst the creative flux. Let's just call it ARGUABLY POST-AMBIENT.

Music is by ROBIN GUTHRIE & HAROLD BUDD, TIM STORY, GREEN ISAC, TRISTAN FELDBAUER, AURAH, KIT WATKINS, and DAN BARRIO.

[ view playlist ] [ view Flickr image gallery ] [ play 30 second MP3 promo ]